Constitutional Opinion No. 2026-0790
America First Constitutional Standard — Version 1.0
Case Information
- Content Scored
- Ramos v. Louisiana, 590 U.S. 83 (2020)
- Source
- Supreme Court of the United States, U.S. Reports Vol. 590 (Preliminary Print, Part 1)
- Author
- Justice Neil Gorsuch (announcing the judgment; majority for the core holding)
- Publication Date
- 2020-04-20
- Content Type
- Judicial Opinion / Legal-Normative Text
- Opinion Issued
- 2026-07-20
- AFCS Version
- 1.0
AF★CS
Verdict
85
/ 100
America First
Source: Supreme Court of the United States, U.S. Reports Vol. 590 (Preliminary Print, Part 1)
Constitutional Alignment: 84·Factual Reliability: 89
Holding
The Sixth Amendment right to a jury trial, as incorporated against the States through the Fourteenth Amendment, requires a unanimous jury verdict to convict a defendant of a serious offense; Louisiana's and Oregon's non-unanimous conviction laws are unconstitutional, and Apodaca v. Oregon is overruled. The requirement of unanimity was settled at the founding by four centuries of common-law practice, and the non-unanimous laws originated in Jim Crow efforts to establish white supremacy.
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It is the judgment of this Court that Opinion No. 2026-0790 is hereby entered into the record, in accordance with the America First Constitutional Standard. The score stands. The reasoning is published. The record is public.
The Standard is the Standard.